Language Variation in the US
2022-05-27
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1Today on Everyday Grammar, we will explore some differences in American English spoken in different regions, or parts of the country.
2The United States is a large country, and there are areas where people use different words for the same thing or say the same words differently.
3Although school systems across the country teach standard American English, many Americans grow up speaking non-standard American English.
4These varieties are also called dialects.
5People may not even realize they are speaking a non-standard form of the language.
6Let us look at some vocabulary and pronunciation differences from different regions of the United States.
7One of the main features of different regional varieties of American English is vocabulary.
8Different words can be used for the same idea or concept, depending on the region of the U.S., such as the Northeast, the South, the Midwest or the West.
9Take for example a kind of cloth shoe that is worn for informal times or for sports.
10What would you call this?
11Many Americans in the South, Midwest, and the West Coast call sports shoes "tennis shoes."
12It does not matter if they play the sport of tennis.
13The shoes just might be their everyday shoes.
14They call them "tennis shoes" anyway.
15In parts of the Northeast and some parts of southern Florida, they use the word "sneakers."
16Sugary, carbonated drinks have different names depending on where you are from.
17In the Midwest, the western part of the state of Pennsylvania, and parts of the Appalachian Mountains, especially in the state of West Virginia, people call the drinks "pop."
18In parts of the Northeast and the West Coast, they are called "soda."
19In addition, people in some southern states use one name for all those kinds of sugary drinks.
20They call it "Coke," which is short for Coca Cola.
21For our final vocabulary word, we have the insect that flies at night in the summertime and lights up.
22In parts of the Northeast and West coast, the word "firefly" is commonly used.
23In parts of Appalachia, the Midwest, and the South, "lightning bug" is probably most common.
24Sometimes people in the U.S. use both words.
25In the U.S., people say some of the same words in different ways, depending on where they grew up.
26Take for example a small stream of water that flows into a river.
27Most Americans say this word as "creek" with a long /ee/ sound, like in the word "beet."
28But in some parts of Appalachia like western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and the Ohio Valley, you might hear this word with a /i/ sound, as in "creek," like in the word "tip."
29Our next pronunciation variation is a full merger of two vowels, the / ɒ / as in the vowel sound in "bother" and the / ɔ / vowel as in "saw."
30In most variations of American English, these two vowels are separate and different.
31You can hear this difference in the words "caught" and "cot."
32In some varieties of American English, especially in the eastern mountains of Appalachia, these two vowels have merged into one, like in the word "cot."
33These two separate words, caught and cot, sound the same in that pronunciation.
34Our final pronunciation variation is a difference in how many syllables make up the word, "caramel."
35Syllables are the parts a word is naturally divided into when pronounced.
36"Caramel" (two syllables) or "caramel" (three syllables) is a light brown candy made from butter, sugar, and milk.
37In much of the Northeast and parts of the South, this word is pronounced with three syllables, /CA-ra-mel/.
38In parts of the Appalachian Mountains and much of the Midwest, many Americans pronounce this word with two syllables, as in /CAR-mel/.
39These two pronunciations can have different meanings depending on the speaker or region.
40Caramel (two syllables) may mean a mixture of just sugar and water that that turns brown when boiled.
41Caramel (three syllables) may mean the light brown candy.
42Today we looked at some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation in regions of the US.
43There are several varieties of American English including cultural and ethnic varieties, which we have not covered.
44If you liked learning about these variations in American English, please write to us in the comments.
45We would love to share more about this subject!
46Finally, let us end this report with some homework.
47Do you know of any variations or dialects in your first language?
48Or have you heard about other variations in American English?
49Write to us at learningenglish@voanews.com or in the comments and share what you know about language variation!
50I'm Faith Pirlo.
51And I'm Jill Robbins.
1Today on Everyday Grammar, we will explore some differences in American English spoken in different regions, or parts of the country. 2The United States is a large country, and there are areas where people use different words for the same thing or say the same words differently. 3Although school systems across the country teach standard American English, many Americans grow up speaking non-standard American English. These varieties are also called dialects. People may not even realize they are speaking a non-standard form of the language. 4Let us look at some vocabulary and pronunciation differences from different regions of the United States. 5Vocabulary 6One of the main features of different regional varieties of American English is vocabulary. Different words can be used for the same idea or concept, depending on the region of the U.S., such as the Northeast, the South, the Midwest or the West. 7Take for example a kind of cloth shoe that is worn for informal times or for sports. What would you call this? 8Many Americans in the South, Midwest, and the West Coast call sports shoes "tennis shoes." It does not matter if they play the sport of tennis. The shoes just might be their everyday shoes. They call them "tennis shoes" anyway. In parts of the Northeast and some parts of southern Florida, they use the word "sneakers." 9Sugary, carbonated drinks have different names depending on where you are from. 10In the Midwest, the western part of the state of Pennsylvania, and parts of the Appalachian Mountains, especially in the state of West Virginia, people call the drinks "pop." 11In parts of the Northeast and the West Coast, they are called "soda." In addition, people in some southern states use one name for all those kinds of sugary drinks. They call it "Coke," which is short for Coca Cola. 12For our final vocabulary word, we have the insect that flies at night in the summertime and lights up. In parts of the Northeast and West coast, the word "firefly" is commonly used. In parts of Appalachia, the Midwest, and the South, "lightning bug" is probably most common. Sometimes people in the U.S. use both words. 13Pronunciation 14In the U.S., people say some of the same words in different ways, depending on where they grew up. 15Take for example a small stream of water that flows into a river. Most Americans say this word as "creek" with a long /ee/ sound, like in the word "beet." 16But in some parts of Appalachia like western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and the Ohio Valley, you might hear this word with a /i/ sound, as in "creek," like in the word "tip." 17Our next pronunciation variation is a full merger of two vowels, the / ɒ / as in the vowel sound in "bother" and the / ɔ / vowel as in "saw." 18In most variations of American English, these two vowels are separate and different. You can hear this difference in the words "caught" and "cot." 19In some varieties of American English, especially in the eastern mountains of Appalachia, these two vowels have merged into one, like in the word "cot." These two separate words, caught and cot, sound the same in that pronunciation. 20Our final pronunciation variation is a difference in how many syllables make up the word, "caramel." Syllables are the parts a word is naturally divided into when pronounced. 21"Caramel" (two syllables) or "caramel" (three syllables) is a light brown candy made from butter, sugar, and milk. In much of the Northeast and parts of the South, this word is pronounced with three syllables, /CA-ra-mel/. In parts of the Appalachian Mountains and much of the Midwest, many Americans pronounce this word with two syllables, as in /CAR-mel/. 22These two pronunciations can have different meanings depending on the speaker or region. Caramel (two syllables) may mean a mixture of just sugar and water that that turns brown when boiled. Caramel (three syllables) may mean the light brown candy. 23Closing thoughts 24Today we looked at some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation in regions of the US. There are several varieties of American English including cultural and ethnic varieties, which we have not covered. If you liked learning about these variations in American English, please write to us in the comments. We would love to share more about this subject! 25Finally, let us end this report with some homework. Do you know of any variations or dialects in your first language? Or have you heard about other variations in American English? Write to us at learningenglish@voanews.com or in the comments and share what you know about language variation! 26I'm Faith Pirlo. 27And I'm Jill Robbins. 28Faith Pirlo wrote this report for VOA Learning English. 29___________________________________________________________________ 30Words in This Story 31region - n. a part of a country or the world that is different or separate from other parts 32standard - n. a level of quality, achievement, etc., that is considered acceptable or desirable 33varieties - n. numbers of different things 34dialects - n. a form of language people speak in a particular part of a country 35vocabulary -n. the words that make up a language 36pronunciation -n. the way in which a word is normally or correctly said 37features - n. usual qualities or important parts of something 38concept - n. an idea of what something is or how it works 39beet - n. a garden plant with thick leaves and a rounded red root tip - n. a piece of useful advice 40merger - n. the combing of two things into one 41cot - n. a fold-up bed made of cloth